Indian National Movement | Indian Freedom Struggle

      भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन   
      

Indian National Movement in Hindi known as भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन which comes under History of Modern India

Indian National Movement

1. Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress is the oldest political party in India which formed in 1885 by AO Hume that time Lord Dufferin was the viceroy of India.
First session in Bombay under Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee in which 72 delegates attained.

Partition of Bengal
In 1899 lord Curzon became the viceroy of India and decided to partition of Bengal on 16 October 1905 due to Administrative reason and divided on the basis of Hindu majority as west Bengal and Muslim Majority as East Bengal.

2. Swadeshi Movement ( Indian National Movement )
Swadeshi Movement arose in 1905 due to partition of Bengal  Swadeshi means (Goods made in India) in which boycott of foreign goods and use of Indian goods were focused.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale supported Swadeshi Movement during Banaras Session in 1905 in which Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh played important part in Swadeshi Movement.

3. Muslim League ( Indian National Movement )
On 30 December 1906 under the leadership of Aga khan, salimullah and Mohsin-ul-mulk founded Muslim League for the welfare and rights of Indian Muslims.

Others
• In 1908 during Amritsar Session of Muslim League demanded seperate electorate for Muslims which was fulfilled by British in 1909 under Morley Minto Reform.

• In 1906 during culcutta session of Indian National Congress Dadabhi Naoroji demanded Swaraj at first time also known as Self Rule or Self Governance.

• Surat session of Indian National Congress in 1907
The way to handle Swadeshi Movement Congress leaders split into two part Moderates and Extremeists.
Moderates were under the leadership of Gopal Krishna Gokhle, Firoz Sahah Mehta and Dadabhai Naoroji wanted self rule in British Empire.
Extrimeists were under the leadership of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra pal wanted complete Swaraj.

• In 1910 Lord Hardinge became the Viceroy of India.

• In 1911 Cancelled the Partition of Bengal.

• In 1911 changed capital of India from culcutta to Delhi.

4. Home Rule Movement ( Indian National Movement )
To attain dominion status of India in British Empire, Home Rule league was established in 1916 in which Madras Home Rule league was led by Annie Besant and Poona Home rule League was led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

5. Lucknow Pact 1916
A pact between Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Bal Ganga dhar Tilak in which both agreed on pressure the British Government to adopt more liberal approach to India and separate electorate for Muslims.
In Lucknow meeting moderates and Extrimiest again combined together.

6. Satyagraha ( Indian National Movement )
Farmer at champarn Bihar exploited by British and forcely cultivated Nile and other commercial crops.
Gandhi visited champaran to enquire and mass of people came to see him but police superintendent warn him to leave district, Gandhi refused and presented in the court but the crowd of farmer gathered around the court so due to serious situation magistrate release him without fine or punishment.
In 1917 Gandhi started Satyagraha at Champarn during this Movement he met Dr Rajendra prashad.
British annoyed of this Movement and solved farmers problems by drafting law, then farmer owned their land.

First World war 1914-1918
Indian soldier were fought in Europe, Africa and Middle East in the favour of British so Indian expected more liberal and favour from British.

7. Government of India Act 1919
This is also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reform under which there were no change in central power except establishment of Dual Government System.
Exceeded the electorate and right to vote for women and some department like Education and Healthcare coame under leaders but they were also dependent on Governor who owns military power and tax revenue.

8. Rawlatt Act 1919
Government of India Act 1919 lead to unsatisfiaction amongst Indians.
Movements were organized in many places of country against British and to stop These Movements Britisher draft Law named as Rawlatt Act and implemented on March 1919 under which Indians can be arrested and can be locked in jail without bail and They have no right to enquire about on what base they were arrested.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
On 13 April 1919 a crowd of nonviolent protesters along with Baishakhi pilgrims gathered at Jallianwala Bagh Amritsar. Crowd were fired upon by troops of British uner the command of General Dyer.

9. Non-Cooperation Movement (Indian National Movement )
In 1920 Gandhi started Non-cooperation Movement against British in which boycott of foreign goods and use of Indian goods were again focused and appealed Indians not to pay any tax to British Government.

10 .Khilafat Movement (Indian National Movement)
Caliph of Turkey was the supreme spiritual head of Muslims so due to attacked on turkey by British lead to religious unsatisfaction among Muslims. Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started Khilafat Movement against British in 1920.

• Due to Gandhi Influence Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Movement combinely protest British Rule in India.

Chauri Chaura Incident 
On 4 February 1922 angry mob of people burnt a police station at chauri chaura, Uttar Pradesh in which some policeman were burnt.
Due to violence Gandhi stopped Non-Cooperation Movement.

Indian struggle for Freedom (Andolan)
              .. continue in part 2..